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Fossil Manganese Dendrites
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These ancient Manganese Dendrites rock fossils contain remains or images through mineralization of plants of the Earth's past. A variety of Manganese Oxides.
Black dendritic films or aggregates of various visually indistinguishable black manganese oxides, which may occur on all kinds of rocks.
These dendrites may consist of birnessite, coronadite, cryptomelane, hollandite, romanèchite, todorokite or other species. Many manganese minerals have similar chemistry and X-ray powder patterns and usually show line-broadening in dendrites, due to their poor crystallinity, which can make X-ray diffraction identification ineffectual. Potter and Rossman (1979) have found that infra-red spectroscopy has been helpful in verifying some dendrite mineralogy. Currently, there are no known manganese dendrites in the world which contain pyrolusite (Potter & Rossman, 1979).
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A variety of Manganese Oxides